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Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Installing and configuring NVIDIA video card drivers
In this , we will embrace CUDA, the NVIDIA parallel computing
architecture. The first step will be the installation of the NVIDIA developer
display driver followed by the installation of the CUDA toolkit. This will
provide us with a dramatic increase in computer performance with the power of
the GPU, which will be used in scenarios such as password cracking.
The following
requirements need to be fulfilled:
1.
An Internet connection is required to
complete this recipe
2.
The preparation of the kernel headers is
needed before starting this task, which is explained in the Preparing kernel
headers recipe at the beginning of this chapter
3.
In order to accomplish
the installation of the NVIDIA driver, the X session needs to be shut down
How to do it...
Let's begin the
process of installing and configuring the NVIDIA video card driver:
1.
Download the NVIDIA developer display driver
according to your CPU architecture:
cd /tmp/
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/4_1/rel/driv
ers/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-285.05.33.run
2. Install the driver:
chmod +x
NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-285.05.33.run
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-285.05.33.run
–kernel-source-path='/usr/src/linux'
3. Download the CUDA
toolkit:
4. Install the CUDA
toolkit to /opt:
chmod +x
cudatoolkit_4.1.28_linux_64_ubuntu11.04.run
./cudatoolkit_4.1.28_linux_64_ubuntu11.04.run
5. Configure the
environment variables required for nvcc to work:
echo PATH=$PATH:/opt/cuda/bin
>> ~/.bashrc
echo
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/cuda/lib >> ~/.bashrc
echo export PATH >>
~/.bashrc
echo export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
>> ~/.bashrc
6. Run the following
command to make the variables take effect:
source ~/.bashrc
ldconfig
7. Install Pyrit
dependencies:
apt-get install libssl-dev
python-dev python-scapy
8. Download and
install the GPU powered tool, Pyrit:
svn co
http://pyrit.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ pyrit_src
cd pyrit_src/pyrit
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
9. Finally, add the
NVIDIA GPU module to Pyrit:
cd /tmp/pyrit_src/cpyrit_cuda
python setup.py build
python
setup.py install
Installing and configuring ATI video card drivers
In this, we'll go into the details for installing and configuring
the ATI video card driver, followed by the AMD Accelerated Parallel
Processing (APP) SDK, CAL++, and OpenCL. Taking advantage of the ATI Stream
Technology, we can run computationally-intensive tasks, typically running on
the CPU, more quickly and efficiently. For more detailed information regarding
the ATI Stream technology, visit www.amd.com/stream.
The following
requirements need to be fulfilled:
·
A connection to the Internet is required to
complete this recipe
·
The preparation of the kernel headers is
needed before starting this task, which is explained in the Preparing kernel
headers recipe at the beginning of this chapter
How to do it...
Let's begin installing
and configuring the ATI drivers:
1. Download the ATI display driver required
for our system:
cd /tmp/
2. Start the
installation by typing the following command:
sh
amd-driver-installer-12-1-x86.x86_64.run
3. When the setup completes, reboot your system for the changes to
take effect and to prevent system instability.
4. Install the
dependencies needed for further steps:
apt-get install
libroot-python-dev libboost-python-dev libboost1.40-all-dev cmake
5. Download and untar
the AMD APP SDK according to your CPU architecture:
wget
http://developer.amd.com/Downloads/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.6- lnx64.tgz
mkdir AMD-APP-SDK-v2.6-lnx64
tar zxvf
AMD-APP-SDK-v2.6-lnx64.tgz –C /tmp/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.6- lnx64
cd AMD-APP-SDK-v2.6-lnx64
6. Install AMD APP SDK
by issuing the following command:
sh Install-AMD-APP.sh
7. Set the ATI Stream
paths into the .bashrc file:
echo export
ATISTREAMSDKROOT=/opt/AMDAPP/ >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
8. Download and
compile CAL++:
cd /tmp/
svn co
https://calpp.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/calpp calpp
cd calpp/trunk
cmake
make
make install
9. Download and
compile Pyrit:
cd /tmp/
svn co
http://pyrit.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ pyrit_src
cd pyrit_src/pyrit
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
10. Build and install
OpenCL:
cd /tmp/pyrit_src/cpyrit_opencl
python setup.py build
python
setup.py install
11. Make a few changes
to the cpyrit_calpp setup:
cd /tmp/pyrit_source/cpyrit_calpp
vi setup.py
Replace the following
line:
VERSION = '0.4.0-dev'
With:
VERSION = '0.4.1-dev'
And also the following
line:
CALPP_INC_DIRS.append(os.path.join(CALPP_INC_DIR,
'include'))
With:
CALPP_INC_DIRS.append(os.path.join(CALPP_INC_DIR,
'include/CAL'))
12. Finally, add the
ATI GPU module to Pyrit:
python setup.py build
python
setup.py install
Directory encryption (By using Truecrypt)
The last recipe of
this chapter will be about information privacy. We will use TrueCrypt to hide
important and secret digital information from public eyes with encryption keys.
How to do it...
Let's perform the following steps:
1. 1. Install TrueCrypt by clicking on the Applications menu and navigating to
BackTrack | Forensics | Digital Anti Forensics
| install truecrypt. Click on Install TrueCrypt and follow the
onscreen directions:
1. 2. Launch TrueCrypt from Applications | BackTrack | Forensics | Digital Anti Forensics
| truecrypt to find a window
similar to the following screenshot:
3. Click on Create Volume to start TrueCrypt Volume
Creation Wizard.
4. Leave the default
option and click on Next.
5. Select Standard TrueCrypt
volume and click on Next.
6. Click on the Select File… button and specify a
name and location for the new TrueCrypt volume. Click on Save when done:
7. Click on the Next button and select the
encryption and hash algorithm we want to use.
8. In the next screen,
we'll specify the amount of space we want for the container.
9. Now, we need to
type the password for our volume. Once done, click on Next.
10. Choose the
filesystem type.
11. Select the
cross-platform support depending on your needs.
12. At the next
screen, the wizard asks us to move around the mouse within the window to
increase the cryptographic strength of the encryption keys. When done, click on
the Format button.
13. The formatting
will start and ends with the creation of the TrueCrypt volume. Click on OK and Exit.
14. We're now back to
the TrueCrypt window.
15. To decrypt our volume, pick a slot from
the list, click on Select File…, and open our created volume.
16. Click on Mount and type your
password. Click on OK when done:
17. We can now access the volume by
double-clicking on the slot or through the mount directory. Save files in it
and when finished, simply click on Dismount All.
Setting up ProxyChains in Backtrack
ProxyChains is a program that
allows us to force any TCP connection made by an application through a proxy.
In this recipe, we will be discussing the task of breaking the direct
connection between the receiver and the sender by forcing the connection of
given applications through a user-defined list of proxies.
How to do it...
Let's begin the process of setting up ProxyChains:
1. Open the ProxyChains
configuration file:
vim /etc/proxychains.conf
2. Uncomment the chaining type we want to use, in this case dynamic_chain:
3. Add some proxy servers to the list:
4. Resolve the target
host through our chained proxies:
proxyresolv www.targethost.com
5. Now we can run
ProxyChains through the application we want to use. For example:
proxychains
msfconsole
Applying updates and configuring extra security tools in Backtrack
In this recipe, we
will cover the process of updating BackTrack and configuring some extra tools,
which will be useful in later chapters and recipes. As BackTrack packages are
constantly updated between releases, you will soon find that a newer set of
tools are available than what were originally downloaded on your DVD ROM. We
will dive into updating our installation, obtaining an activation code for
Nessus, and concluding with installing Squid.
How to do it...
Let's begin the process of applying updates and configuring extra
security tools:
1. Update the local
package index with the latest changes made in the repositories:
apt-get update
2. Upgrade existing packages:
apt-get upgrade
3. Upgrade to the new
version (if available):
apt-get dist-upgrade
4. Obtain an activation
code for Nessus by registering at the following website:
http://www.nessus.org/products/nessus/nessus-plugins/obtain-an-activation-code
5. Activate Nessus by
executing the following command:
/opt/nessus/bin/nessus-fetch
--register A60F-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-0006
Where A60F-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-0006 should be your
activation code.
6. Create a user account
for the Nessus web interface:
/opt/nessus/sbin/nessus-adduser
7. To start the Nessus
server, we simply invoke the following command:
/etc/init.d/nessusd
start
8. Install Squid:
apt-get install squid3
9. Remove Squid from
starting up automatically at boot time:
update-rc.d
-f squid3 remove
Installing Broadcom drivers in Backtrack
In this , we'll perform the installation of the official Broadcom
hybrid Linux wireless driver. Using a Broadcom wireless USB adapter gives us
the greatest possibility of success in terms of getting our wireless USB access
point to work on BackTrack 5. For the rest of the recipes in this book, we will
assume installation of the Broadcom wireless drivers.
An Internet connection is required to complete this recipe.
How to do it...
Let's begin the
process of installing the Broadcom drivers:
1. Open a terminal window and download the
appropriate Broadcom driver from http://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11/linux_sta.php:
2. Extract the downloaded driver by using the
following script:
mkdir broadcom
tar xvfz
hybrid-portsrc_x86_64-v5_100_82_112.tar.gz -C /tmp/broadcom
3. Modify the wl_cfg80211.c file as there's
a bug in version 5.100.82.112 that prevents compiling the code under kernel
version 2.6.39:
vim
/tmp/broadcom/src/wl/sys/wl_cfg80211.c
In the file, the following line at line number 1814 needs to be
replaced:
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE > KERNEL_VERSION(2,
6, 39)
It needs to be replaced with:
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >=
KERNEL_VERSION(2, 6, 39)
Once done, save the changes.
4. Compile the code:
make clean
make
make install
5. Update the dependencies:
depmod -a
6. Find loaded modules by issuing the
following command:
lsmod | grep b43\|ssb\|bcma
7. Remove the modules found by executing the
following command:
rmmod <module>b43
Where <module>
could be: b43 or
ssb or
bcma.
8. Blacklist the modules to prevent them from
loading at system startup:
echo "blacklist
<module>" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
Where <module>
could be: b43 or
ssb or
bcma or
wl.
9. Finally, add the new module to the Linux
kernel to make it part of the boot process:
modprobe
wl
Preparing kernel headers
There will be
occasional times where we'll face the need to compile code, which requires the
kernel headers. Kernel headers are the source code of
the Linux kernel. In this first recipe, we'll explain the steps required to
accomplish the task of preparing the kernel headers for compilation.
Getting ready
A connection to the
Internet is required to complete this recipe.
How to do it...
Let's begin the process of preparing the kernel headers:
1. Execute the following
script to prepare the kernel sources:
prepare-kernel-sources
2. Copy the following
directory and its entire contents:
cd /usr/src/linux
cp -rf include/generated/*
include/linux/
3. Now we're ready to compile code that requires the kernel
headers.
Setting up the wireless network in Backtrack
The advantages of setting up our wireless network is that it
enables us to use BackTrack wirelessly. In a true, ethical, penetration test,
not having to depend on an Ethernet cable enables us to have all of the
freedoms of a regular desktop.
How to do it...
Let's begin setting up
the wireless network:
1. From the desktop, start the network manager
by clicking on the Applications menu
and navigating to Internet |
Wicd Network Manager,
or by issuing the following command at the Terminal window:
wicd-gtk --no-tray
2.
Wicd Network Manager will open with a list
of available networks:
3.
Click on the Properties button to specify the network details. When done, click on OK:
4.
Finally, click on the Connect button. We're ready to go!
Starting network services in Backtrack
BackTrack comes with several network services, which may be useful
in various situations and are disabled by default. In this recipe, we will
cover the steps to set up and start each service using various methods.
Getting ready
A connection to the network with a valid IP address is needed in
order to continue.
How to do it...
Let's begin the
process of starting our default service:
1. Start the Apache web server:
service apache2 start
We can verify the server is running by browsing to the localhost
address.
2. To start the SSH service, SSH keys need to
be generated for the first time:
sshd-generate
3. Start the Secure Shell server:
service ssh start
4. To verify the server is up and listening,
use the netstat command:
netstat -tpan | grep 22
5. Start the FTP server:
service
pure-ftpd start
6. To verify the FTP server, use the following
command:
netstat
-ant | grep 21
7. To stop a service, just issue the following
command:
service <servicename>
stop
Here, <servicename>
stands for the network service we want to stop. For example:
service apache2 stop
8. To enable a service at boot time, use the
following command:
update-rc.d –f
<servicename> defaults
Here, <servicename>
stands for the network service we want at boot time. For example:
update-rc.d
–f ssh defaults
Changing the root password in Linux
For security reasons, it's recommended as a good practice to
always change the default root password. This would not prevent a malicious
user obtaining access to our system, but surely will make things harder.
How to do it...
To change the default
root password, just issue the following command:
passwd
Enter you new password and press Enter.
You will also be asked to retype your password:
Installing BackTrack to a USB drive with persistent memory
Having a BackTrack USB
drive provides us with the ability to persistently save system settings and
permanently update and install new software packages onto the USB device,
allowing us to carry our own personalized BackTrack with us at all times.
Thanks to open source tools such as
UNetbootin, we can create a bootable Live USB drive of a vast majority of Linux
distributions, including BackTrack with persistent storage.
The following tools
and preparation are needed in order to continue:
·
A FAT32 formatted USB drive with a minimum
capacity of 8 GB
·
A BackTrack ISO image
·
UNetbootin (unetbootin.sourceforge.net/unetbootin-windows-latest.
exe)
·
You can download
BackTrack 5 from http://www.backtrack-linux.org/ downloads/
Let's begin the
process of installing BackTrack 5 to a USB drive:
1.
Insert our previously formatted USB drive:
2. Start UNetbootin as administrator.
3. Choose the Diskimage option and select the location of the BackTrack DVD ISO image:
4. Set the amount of space to be used for persistence. We're going
to use 4096 MB for our 8 GB USB thumb drive:
5. Select our USB
drive and click on the OK button to start
creating the bootable USB drive.
6. The process will take some time to complete while it extracts
and copies the DVD files to the USB and installs the Bootloader:
7. The installation is complete and we're ready to reboot the
computer and boot from the newly created BackTrack USB drive with persistent
memory:
